Ethiopia Orthodox mmuadadi ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu: nnawɔtwe nna ne mmere mmuadadi

Nna dodow ahe na Ethiopia Orthodox mmuadadi kata so afe biara?

Sɛnea asɔre no nsɛm kyerɛ no, Ethiopia Orthodox Tewahedo Asɔre amanne de mmuadadi nna bɛyɛ 180 to hɔ afe biara ma asɔremma, na ɛbɛn 250 ma asɔfo ne wɔn a wɔde wɔn nkwa ama Nyankopɔn (mmarima ne mmaa). Saa akontaa no kata mmuadadi ahorow abien so: Wukuda ne Fiada a ɛba nnawɔtwe biara, ne mmere mmuadadi a ɛfa asɔre kalenda ho, a nea ɛware sen biara no kɔ bɛyɛ abosome abien.

Sɛ wode toto Kristofo amanne dodow no ara ho a, ɛdɔɔso, na ɛkyerɛ da biara asetena wɔ Ethiopia kwan pɔtee so: nea wɔnoa wɔ fie, nea adidibea de to wɔn aduan krataa so, ne nna a abusua bi bɛpaw sɛ wɔbɛyɛ ayeforo anaa aduan kɛse.

Mmuadadi din wɔ Amharic mu ne tsom. Wubehu no wɔ aduan krataa so, wɔ kasasin te sɛ ye-tsom (mmuadadi, sɛ aduan ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu) mu, ne mmuadadi a ɛwɔ ase ha no dodow no ara din mu, a dodow no fi ase Tsome- na nea wɔkae no di akyi.

Nna bɛn na wɔdi mmuada nnawɔtwe biara?

Wukuda ne Fiada, nnawɔtwe biara, afe mũ no nyinaa, gye baako: nnafua aduonum a ɛdi Fasika (Ethiopia Orthodox Easter) akyi, bere a wɔyi nnawɔtwe mmuadadi no sɛ Easter afahyɛ no fa. Wɔ 2026 mu no, Fasika bɛto April 12, enti ahomegye no fi bɛyɛ April mfinimfini kosi June mfiase.

• Wɔdi Wukuda efisɛ asɔre amanne ka sɛ ɛno ne da a Sanhedrin no sii gyinae sɛ wɔbɛtia Yesu.
• Wɔdi Fiada de kae asɛndua so wu no.
• Sɛ ɛnyɛ Easter akyi ahomegye no a, nnawɔtwe mmuadadi nna abien no ba bere biara a ɛnsesa, ɛnte sɛ mmere mmuadadi no bi a ne nna sesa afe biara.

Dɛn na wonni wɔ Ethiopia Orthodox mmuadadi mu?

Wɔ mmuadadi da no, mmara no nyɛ den: nam nni hɔ, nufusu nneɛma nni hɔ, nkosua nni hɔ, na bɔta nni hɔ. Sɛ yɛde Aborɔfo aduan kasa ka a, ɛyɛ vegan aduan wɔ mmuadadi bere no nyinaa mu — biribiara fi nnua ne nnɔbae mu.

Bere yɛ ne fa a ɛto so abien, na ɛno na ahɔho taa nhu. Mmuadadi a emu yɛ den kyerɛ sɛ wonni hwee kosi awia nnɔn 3, afei wodi aduan baako pɛ awia anaa anwummere. Nnipa bi di mmuada saa kwan yi so mmuadadi da biara; afoforo pii di aduan mmara no nanso wɔnni bere mmara no, anaa wodi mmuada bi pɛpɛɛpɛ na afoforo deɛ wɔmfa no den. Nnipa bi a wɔsom yiye nso nnom nsã wɔ mmuadadi mmere mu.

Mmere mmuadadi: Lent, Advent, ne afoforo

Sɛ yeyi Wukuda ne Fiada nnawɔtwe nhyehyɛe no fi mu a, asɔre no de mmuadadi tenten bebree a ɛwɔ nna pɔtee to hɔ. Nsɛm fibea ahorow nka nna dodow ne mfiase da pɛpɛɛpɛ pɛ, efisɛ ebinom gyina Ethiopia kalenda a ɛnsesa so na afoforo ne Fasika tu, nanso ne su kɛse no yɛ pɛ:

• Abiy Tsom (Lent Kɛse, a wɔfrɛ no Tsome Hudade nso): mmuadadi a ɛware sen biara, bɛyɛ nnafua 55 kosi 56 ansa na Fasika aba, a wɔde mmere tiawa abiɛsa a ɛdi so na ayɛ.
• Tsome Nebiyat (Advent, a wɔfrɛ no Adiyifo Mmuadadi anaa Tsome Gahad nso): bɛyɛ nnafua 40, efi November awiei kosi January mfiase na ɛba awiei wɔ Ethiopia Buronya (Gena, January 7) da.
• Asomafo Mmuadadi (Tsome Hawaryat): efi ase Dwoada a ɛdi Pentekoste akyi na ɛkɔ June 26 anaa 29, enti ne tenten sesa afe biara — efi bɛyɛ nnafua 10 kosi 40 boro, gyina bere a Fasika toeɛ so.
• Filseta (Maria Soro Kɔ Mmuadadi): nnafua 15, efi August 7 kosi 21 — ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛrekɔ so seesei bosome yi mu.
• Tsome Nenewe (Nineve Mmuadadi): nnafua 3 pɛ, Dwoada kosi Wukuda, bɛyɛ nnawɔtwe abiɛsa ansa na Lent Kɛse afi ase.
• Gahad: da baako mmuadadi wɔ Buronya ne Epiphany anim anadwo.

Adɛn nti na atosodeɛ aduan biara nyɛ mmuadadi aduan?

Yei ne asɛm a ɛhaw obiara a wɔantete no saa kwan so no. Wobetumi de lentil, chickpea anaa atosodeɛ nko ara ayɛ abom nanso ɛrenyɛ mmuadadi aduan, esiane biribi baako nti: niter kibbeh, bɔta a wɔanoa no ne nnuhuam — akekaduro, gyene fitaa, besobela (basil kronkron), fenugreek, cardamom, cinnamon ne afoforo — a ɛyɛ Ethiopia aduannoa da biara fapem.

Esiane sɛ niter kibbeh yɛ bɔta nti, biribiara a wɔde noa yɛ nufusu ade, ɛno ara ne no, sɛ atosodeɛ dodow ahe wɔ kuruwa no mu mpo a. Sɛ wɔpɛ sɛ wɔyɛ saa aduan koro no ara ma ɛfata mmuadadi a, wɔde nnua ngo si ananmu, ɛtɔ da bi a nnuhuam ngo a wɔfrɛ no yeqimem zeyet, a wɔyɛ no sɛ niter kibbeh ara nanso wɔde atosodeɛ ngo na ɛyɛ sen bɔta.

Shiro: din baako, nnuan abien a ɛsono koraa

Shiro — abom a wɔde chickpea anaa adua kɛse esiam yɛ — ne nhwɛso a ɛda adi pefee sen biara. Ne fapem yɛ vegan, na ɛno nti na ɛyɛ mmuadadi aduan a nkurɔfo pɛ. Nanso din koro no ara wɔ aduan krataa so betumi akyerɛ nea wɔde niter kibbeh anoa, a ɛnyɛ mmuadadi aduan, anaa nea wɔde ngo anoa, a ɛyɛ mmuadadi aduan. Nea wɔde nam aka ho nso wɔ hɔ, a wɔfrɛ no bozena shiro. Nnuan abiɛsa, din baako, na wunhu nsonsonoe no gye sɛ wobisa anaa wunim gyaade no dedaw.

1. Shiro a wɔde niter kibbeh (bɔta) anoa — ɛnyɛ mmuadadi aduan.
2. Shiro a wɔde ngo anoa, a ɛtɔ da bi a wɔkyerɛw ye-tsom (mmuadadi) shiro — vegan na ɛfata mmuadadi.
3. Bozena shiro, a wɔde nam aka ho — ɛnyɛ mmuadadi aduan, na ɛnyɛ vegetarian.

Nnipa di so pɛpɛɛpɛ dɛn ankasa?

Ɛsono koraa fi onipa so kɔ onipa so. Asɔre nkyerɛkyerɛ ka sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ obiara a wadi boro mfe ason di mmuada no, nanso wɔ nokware mu no, efi asɔfo ne asɔremma mpanyin anaa wɔn a wɔsom yiye a wodi kalenda mũ no nyinaa so — a awia nkutoo adidi mmara no ka ho — kosi nnipa a wodi mmuada wɔ Lent mu nko ara, Wukuda ne Fiada nko ara, anaa wɔnni koraa.

Baabi a wote nso ho hia: nhwehwɛmufo ne asɔre nsɛm nyinaa kyerɛ sɛ wodi mmuadadi mu den wɔ akuraa ne mmepɔw so mpɔtam bi sen Addis Ababa kuropɔn mu afa bi, baabi a wɔmfa no den saa. Kwan baako pɛ a ɛteɛ nni hɔ a wode bɛka sɛnea Ethiopia Orthodox Kristoni biara di mmuada — egyina onipa no, abusua no, na mpɛn pii mmuadadi pɔtee no so.

Lent Kɛse ankasa yɛ nhwɛso pa a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea mmuadadi baako betumi anya afa ahorow. Nsɛm fibea ka sɛ wɔde mmere tiawa abiɛsa a ɛdi so na ayɛ: nnafua 8 bere a wɔfrɛ no Tsome Hirkal, nnafua 40 bere a wɔfrɛ no Tsome Arba (a ɛkae nnafua 40 a Yesu dii mmuada wɔ sare so no), ne nnafua 7 bere a etwa to, Tsome Himamat, a ɛkata Nnawɔtwe Kronkron so kosi Fasika ankasa.

Nea enti a yei ho hia sɛ wo ne obi a ofi Ethiopia rehyehyɛ adamfofa

Sɛ wo ne obi a ofi Ethiopia rebɔ nkɔmmɔ anaa rehyia — a app te sɛ Amarbis so nso ka ho — a, mmuadadi betumi akyerɛ nneɛma a ɛtaa ba: adidibea bɛn na ɛfata hyiadi wɔ Wukuda, sɛ video frɛ bɛba ansa anaa akyi awia nnɔn 3 wɔ Lent mu, anaa nea enti a abusua nhyiam wɔ August mu fa Filseta ho. Eyinom mu biara nhia sɛ wobɔ obi gyidi ho nkontaa. Ɛyɛ nsɛm a mfaso wɔ so na ɛyɛ nokware fa ɔman a wɔsusuw sɛ ɔmanfo 44% yɛ Ethiopia Orthodox, na mmuadadi kalenda no da adi wɔ da biara asetena ne aduan amammerɛ mu, sɛ onipa biara di so pɛpɛɛpɛ anaa ɔnni so.