Te Hui Kawhe o Etiopia: Ngā Mahi Tūturu o te Buna

He aha te hui kawhe o Etiopia?

Ko te hui kawhe o Etiopia, e mōhiotia ana i te reo Amahari ko buna, he kawa tunu i ngā pīni kawhe kākāriki ki runga i ngā waro wera, he huri ā-ringa, he kōhua i roto i tētahi kōhua uku ko jebena te ingoa, kātahi ka tukuna te kawhe ki ngā manuhiri i ngā huringa motuhake e toru: abol, tona, me bereka. Koinei tētahi o ngā kawa pāpori noa rawa i Etiopia, e mahia ana i ngā kāinga, i ngā wāhi mahi, i ngā huihuinga hoki mai i ngā taumautanga ki ngā tangihanga.

He rite ake te buna ki tētahi wā kua whakaritea i te tono inu noa. I te nuinga o te wā ka manaakitia e tētahi mema o te whare, ka mahia ki runga i te papa, i tētahi whāriki rānei kua ruia ki te tarutaru hou, ki ētahi putiputi i ētahi wā, ā, ka haere i te tere o ngā pīni, kaua i te tere o ngā manuhiri. Ki te wehe atu i mua i te huringa tuatoru o te hui, ka kīia whānuitia he whakamutu ohorere i te toronga.

E hia te roa o te hui kawhe o Etiopia?

Kāore ngā mātāpuna e whakaae ana mō te roa tika, ā, e whakaata ana tēnei i te nui o te rerekē o te hui i ia whare, i ia huihuinga. E kī ana ētahi aratohu ko te hui katoa, mai i te tunu ki te ringihanga tuatoru, e 30 meneti pea te roa. E kī ana ētahi atu kotahi ki te rua hāora, ā, e kī ana ētahi mātāpuna o te ao kawhe e rua ki te toru hāora mō tētahi momo āta haere, me te whakahou katoa i ngā para kawhe me te wai i waenga i ngā huringa. Ko te mea e ōrite ana i ngā mātāpuna katoa, ehara i te okiokinga kawhe poto noa: ka kīia he wā kua āta wehea.

I roto i te hui: mai i te pīni kākāriki ki te kapu

Ka mahia te tukanga katoa, mai i te tīmatanga ki te mutunga, i te aroaro tonu o te hunga e inu ana.

1. Ka horoia ngā pīni kawhe kākāriki kāore anō kia tunua, kātahi ka tunua i tētahi parai papatahi ki runga i ngā waro wera, i tētahi kāpuni hau rānei, ka kōrori haere tonu kia pōuri ake rā anō te tae, kia puta rā anō te hinu.
2. He maha ngā wā ka kawea e te kaimanaaki te parai huri noa i te rūma kia hongia ai e ngā manuhiri te kakara o te tunu. Ka kīia te kakara he wāhanga o te hui, ehara i te hua taha noa.
3. Ka huria ā-ringa ngā pīni kua tunua, mā tētahi ipu tuki rākau me tōna patu tuki, ko mukecha me zenezena ō rāua ingoa, e ai ki te tikanga tuku iho.
4. Ka uru te kawhe kua huria ki te jebena, he kōhua uku he porowhita te take, he kakī roa, he ngutu whāiti, me te wai, ā, ka kōhuatia kia koropupū.
5. Ka ringihia te kawhe mai i runga teitei ki ngā kapu iti kore kakau, ko sini te ingoa (ka tuhia hoki ko cini), kāore he tātari. Mā te kakī whāiti o te jebena e pupuri te nuinga o ngā para kawhe.

Ngā huringa e toru: abol, tona, me bereka

Kāore e tukuna kotahi anake te kapu ki ngā manuhiri; e toru, ka ringihia ia mea i tētahi kōhuatanga hou o ngā para kawhe ōrite, ā, he ingoa, he tikanga motuhake tō ia huringa. Ka whakamahi ētahi rohe me ētahi mātāpuna i ngā ingoa kē, ko huletegna mō te huringa tuarua, ko sostegna mō te tuatoru.

• Abol: te huringa tuatahi, ko te mea kaha rawa nā te hou rawa o ngā para kawhe. Ka tohu i te tīmatanga ōkawa o te huihuinga.
• Tona (huletegna): te huringa tuarua, ka mahia mā te tāpiri wai hou ki ngā para kawhe ōrite, ā, ka kōhua anō. He māmā ake i te abol, ā, i te nuinga o te wā koinei te wā ka tuwhera ake te kōrerorero.
• Bereka (sostegna): te huringa tuatoru, whakamutunga hoki, ka kīia i ētahi wā ko baraka, ko te tikanga he manaakitanga. Ko te mea iti rawa te kawhehīni, engari e kīia ana e ētahi mātāpuna ko te mea nui rawa te taumaha ā-pāpori. Ki te wehe atu i mua i tōna tukunga, ka kitea pea he whakapoto i te toronga.

Ko wai e ārahi ana i te hui, ā, kei hea e mahia ai

I te nuinga o te wā ka ārahina te hui e tētahi wahine o te whare, he whaea, he tamāhine rānei, nāna e tunu, e huri, e kōhua, e ringi, i te wā e noho tonu ana ngā manuhiri, ka whiwhi noa i ia huringa. I ngā whare maha ka tukuna tikatia te pūkenga, mai i te whaea ki te tamāhine, hei wāhanga o te ako ki te whakahaere kāinga. E kī ana ētahi kōrero mā te wahine tamariki rawa e noho ana e tuku te kawhe.

I te nuinga o te wā ka mahia ki runga i te papa, i tētahi tēpu pāpaku rānei, i runga i tētahi whāriki kua ruia ki te tarutaru kātahi anō ka tapahia, ki ētahi putiputi i ētahi wā, i tētahi kāinga, i tētahi rūma okioki o te wāhi mahi, i tētahi buna bet motuhake rānei (whare kawhe). Ka mahia pea kotahi i te rā, he maha ngā wā rānei, ā, kāore he take motuhake e hiahiatia ana. He take rawaka te ahiahi noa.

Te whakakakara, ngā kai māmā, me te wāhi o te hui

Ka tahuna te parakihēnihi, tētahi ranunga parakihēnihi me te maira rānei ko etan te ingoa, ki runga i ngā waro puta noa i te hui. Ka kīia tōna auahi he wāhanga o te wheako, ehara i te tāpiritanga noa.

• Kolo: he pāre kua tunua, he maha ngā wā ka ranua ki te pīnati, ki ētahi atu kākano kua tunua rānei
• Kānga pahū
• He parāoa pērā i te himbasha (ka kīia hoki ko ambasha), i te āhua ōkawa kore rānei, ko te injera

Ka kainga ēnei i waenga i ngā huringa, ehara i te kai matua, ā, he noa mā te kaimanaaki e whakakī tonu te pereti kai māmā i te roanga o te hui.

Ngā rerekētanga ā-rohe puta noa i Etiopia

Ko te hanganga matua, te tunu, te huri, te kōhua, ngā huringa e toru, e mau tonu ana puta noa i te motu, engari ko ngā mea e uru ana ki te jebena me te pereti ka rerekē i ia rohe, i ia iwi.

• I Kafa me ētahi wāhanga o te tonga-mā-uru, i ētahi wā ka tāpiri ngā kaimanaaki i te pata, i te kanekane mohoao, i te mīere rānei ki te kawhe, ā, e whakaahua ana ētahi kōrero i tētahi jebena momo Kafa, ko mankira te ingoa, kāore he ngutu o mua e whakamahia ana i ētahi atu wāhi.
• I Sidama me te nuinga o te tonga o Etiopia, ko te kāramama te kakara noa rawa e tāpiria ana.
• I ētahi wāhanga o te raki o Etiopia, ko te hinamona, ko te otaota Ruta rānei (tena adam) ngā tāpiritanga noa ake.

He aha i hira ai te hui mō te manaakitanga me te whaiipo whakawhiti ahurea

Ko te buna te tohu pāpori taketake o Etiopia. Ko te kīanga buna tetu, ko tōna tikanga 'inumia te kawhe', he rite ki te 'me inu kawhe tāua' i te reo Māori, engari he nui ake te herenga o te huihuinga tūturu: ka kitea pea te whakakāhore i tētahi hui kua tukuna mai, te wehe atu rānei i waenganui o te hui. Ka tohu i ngā toronga noa i waenga i ngā hoa noho tata, waihoki i ngā taumautanga, ngā mārena, ngā tangihanga me ngā hui pakihi, ā, ka haere tonu i ngā wā nohopuku Karaitiana Orotokehe nā te mea kāore te kawhe anō i te rārangi kai rāhui.

Mō te tangata e mōhio haere ana ki tētahi e hono ana ki Etiopia, ki tōna hunga kua noho ki tāwāhi rānei, koinei tētahi take e kōrero ai a Amarbis mō ngā tikanga pēnei, he māmā te kaupapa whaihua: ehara te hui kawhe i te kōrero hauarea me ētahi taputapu. Ki te tukuna mai, ko te wā e pau ana te tino take, ehara i te pānga taha.

Ngā tikanga hui kawhe mō ngā manuhiri

Kāore tētahi o ēnei i tuhia hei ture ōkawa ki hea rā, engari e ōrite ana i ngā kōrero katoa mō te āhua tūturu o te hui ki te manuhiri.

• Noho ki te wāhi e tohua ana ki a koe, ā, noho tonu. Mā te kaimanaaki e tunu, e kōhua, e ringi; kāore ngā manuhiri e āwhina i te nuinga o te wā.
• Whakaaetia te kapu tuatahi (abol) ahakoa kāore koe e whakaaro ana ki te whakaoti i ngā huringa e toru katoa, ā, kōrerotia mēnā me wawe tō wehe, kaua e ninihi atu.
• Mihia te kakara ina kawea te parai kua tunua huri noa. He wā e tūmanakohia ana o te kawa, ehara i te whakaute noa.
• Kainga te kolo, te kānga pahū rānei ka tukuna mai i waenga i ngā huringa; ka rerekē pea te āhua ki te whakakāhore katoa i te kai māmā, engari he pai noa te kai paku noa.
• Tūmanakohia te kōrerorero, kaua te wahangū. I hangaia ngā okiokinga i waenga i ngā huringa mō te kōrero, kaua mō te tirotiro waea.

Te hītori, te pakiwaitara o Kaldi, me te whakamanatanga a UNESCO

E ai ki te pūrākau rongonui o te takenga mai, nā tētahi kaitiaki nanenane ko Kaldi te ingoa, i kite, e ai ki te kōrero, i te hihiko o āna nanenane i muri i tā rātou kai i ngā hua kawhe. He pakiwaitara tēnei, ehara i te hītori kua tuhia: ko te putanga tuatahi e mōhiotia ana, i tuhia e te tohunga Maronite, e Antoine Faustus Nairon i te tau 1671, kāore e whakahua i a Kaldi, ā, ko te ingoa anō te āhua nei nō tētahi pukapuka o te tau 1922 nā te kaitātai hītori kawhe, nā William Ukers. Hei wehe i te pūrākau, kua tino mōhiotia nō ngā ngahere whenua teitei o te tonga-mā-uru o Etiopia te Coffea arabica, tae atu ki te rohe o Kaffa.

I te tau 2025, kāore anō a Etiopia kia whiwhi i te tūnga Taonga Tuku Iho Ahurea Kore-Kikokiko a UNESCO mō te hui kawhe; kei te haere tonu te tukanga. I whakahaere ngā āpiha o Etiopia, te tari o UNESCO i Addis Ababa me ngā whakahaere taonga tuku iho i tētahi awheawhe ā-motu i Jimma i Pēpuere 2025 ki te whakarite i tētahi kōnae tono ōkawa, me te whāinga kua kīia kia tuhia ā muri ake nei ki te Rārangi Māngai a UNESCO. Nō reira kāore te hui i te rārangi i tēnei wā, ahakoa ka whakaahuatia pērā i ētahi wā i te ipurangi.