Ngā Kai o Etiopia i Tua atu i te Doro Wat

He pēhea tonu ngā kai o Etiopia i tua atu i te doro wat?

Ko te nuinga o te hunga i waho o Etiopia, kotahi tonu te kai e mōhio ana rātou: ko te doro wat, he kīnaki heihei kua āta kōhuatia ki te berbere (he ranunga kakara e kaha ana te tiare), ka tukuna me tētahi hēki kōhua mārō. He kai tūturu, ka puritia i te nuinga o te wā mō ngā huihuinga motuhake, engari kotahi noa te kuaha ki tētahi momo tunu kai nui ake.

E arotahi ana te tunu kai o Etiopia ki te injera, he parāoa papatahi teff kua whakatotongia e whakamahia ana hei pereti, hei taputapu kai hoki, me te wat — te kupu whānui mō te kīnaki, he tekau mā tini ōna momo: mīti, pīni pākākā, huawhenua, kakara, ngāwari. I te taha o ēnei kai ko ngā tikanga e whakaawe ana i te āhua o te kai: te kai i tētahi pereti tiritahi ki te ringa matau, me te gursha, ka whakatakoto tētahi i tētahi maramara kai ki roto tonu i te māngai o tētahi atu. Kei runga ake i ēnei katoa he maramataka nohopuku ā-whakapono nāna i noho ai te tunu kai tipu anake hei wāhanga matua, noa hoki o te tunu kai, me ngā rerekētanga ā-rohe e hono ana ki ngā iwi me ngā reo maha o Etiopia.

E kōrero ana tēnei aratohu mō ngā wāhanga o ngā kai o Etiopia kāore i te nuinga o te wā e kitea ana e te tangata hou: he aha tonu te injera, he aha te tikanga o te gursha, ko ēhea kai me mōhio i tua atu i te doro wat, me te rerekē o ngā kai i ia rohe.

He aha te injera, ā, he aha i nui ake ai tōna hira i tētahi kai kotahi?

Ko te injera he parāoa papatahi ngāwari, kōpūngāwhā, paku kawa nei, i mahia mai i te teff, he kākano iti rawa nō ngā whenua teitei o Etiopia. Kāore he kuruterāne i te teff, ā, he kaha tōna uara taiora mō tētahi kākano: e ai ki ngā pūrongo mō te hanganga o te teff, kei te 9.4–13.3% pea tōna pūmua, me te nui o te rino, te konupūmā, te konuoi me te konupora ina whakatairitea.

Ka mahia te injera tuku iho mā te ranu i te parāoa teff ki te wai me te ersho, he rewena i puritia mai i tētahi kohinga o mua (he ōrite te whakaaro ki te rewena parāoa kawa). Ka whai te ranunga i tētahi whakatotongitanga tuatahi e 30 ki te 72 hāora pea, kātahi ka whai i tētahi whakatotongitanga tuarua poto ake, e rua hāora pea, i muri i te kōrori anō i tētahi wāhanga o te pokepoke kua kōhuatia, ko absit te ingoa. Mā taua whakatotongitanga roa e puta ai te kawa motuhake o te injera me tōna mata kī tonu i ngā kōhao iti, ka kīia i te nuinga o te wā ko ngā 'karu', e āwhina ana i te parāoa ki te ngongo i te wairanu.

Ehara te injera i te kai taha. Ko te tūāpapa e hangaia ai te kai: ka utua ngā wat ki runga tonu i tētahi rau nui, me ētahi maramara kua pōkaitia hei tāpiri. Ka haehae ngā kaikai i ngā maramara o te injera kei raro, ā, ka whakamahi hei hapahapai i te kīnaki, nō reira ko te parāoa te pereti me te taputapu kai i te wā kotahi.

He aha te gursha?

Ko te gursha te tikanga o te haehae i tētahi maramara injera, o te tākai ki tētahi ngaunga kīnaki, ā, o te whakatakoto ki roto tonu i te māngai o tētahi atu, ā-ringa. He tikanga pāpori whānui, ehara i te tohu whaiipo — ka puta i waenga i ngā mema o te whānau, ngā hoa, ngā hoa mahi, me ngā kaimanaaki me ngā manuhiri i ngā kai tiritahi, ā, ka taea te tuku ki tētahi kātahi anō koe ka tūtaki, pērā anō ki tētahi kua roa e mōhio ana koe.

He tikanga kei tōna taha: ka tūmanakohia te kaiwhiwhi o te gursha kia tango i te kai me te kore e pā tōna māngai ki ngā matimati o te kaituku, ā, ko te whakataka i te kai ka kīia he hakuhaku. Ko te gursha kotahi ka kīia i ētahi wā kāore i oti, he waimarie kore rānei, nō reira he maha ngā wā ka tāruatia te tohu.

E hono ana te tikanga ki tētahi kīanga, ko te hunga e kai ana i te pereti kotahi, e kore rātou e tinihanga tētahi i tētahi, ā, ka whakaahuatia i te nuinga o te wā hei huarahi whakaatu i te whakaaetanga, i te piri, i te mihi rānei i taua wā — he ōrite ake ki te awhi i waenga i ngā hoa i te kawa ōkawa.

• Ka tukuna e te whānau, e ngā hoa, e ngā hoa mahi, e ngā kaimanaaki rānei — kāore e herea ki tētahi hononga kotahi
• I te nuinga o te wā ka puta i ngā kai ā-hapori e kainga ana i tētahi paepae tiritahi
• Ka tango te kaiwhiwhi i te ngaunga me te kore e pā te māngai ki te ringa
• He maha ngā wā ka tāruatia kotahi i te iti rawa, nā te mea ka kīia pea he waimarie kore te gursha kotahi
• Ka kitea hei tohu mahana, whakaute, whakaaetanga rānei i taua wā

Me pēhea tonu te kai a te iwi o Etiopia — ngā ringa, ngā pereti tiritahi me ngā tikanga?

I te nuinga o te wā ka kainga te kai ki te ringa matau. E ai ki te tikanga tuku iho, ka karohia te ringa mauī mō te kai, mō te tuku kai rānei, ahakoa e whakaaetia ana te whakamahi i ngā ringa e rua.

He maha ngā wā ka tukuna ngā kai ki tētahi paepae tiritahi kotahi, kaua ki ngā pereti takitahi: ka whāriki te injera i te papa, ka utua ngā wat rerekē ki runga i ngā wāhanga, ā, ka kai te katoa i te tēpu i taua pereti matua, ka haehae i te injera, ka whakamahi hei tango kai, kaua ko ngā paoka, ngā māripi rānei.

He tūmanako motuhake tō te manaakitanga. Ko te whakakāhore i te kai ka tukuna mai ka kīia i te nuinga o te wā he kore whakaute, ā, ko te kai i mua i te aroaro o ētahi atu me te kore e tuku kia tiritahi ka kīia he mahi kino. He maha ngā wā ka manaaki tuatahi ngā kaimanaaki i ngā manuhiri, ka tuku rānei i tētahi gursha hei tohu pōhiri, ā, ko te noho roa ki te tēpu i muri i te kai — kaua e wehe tonu atu — ka kitea he tikanga pai.

• Kainga, tukuna hoki te kai ki te ringa matau
• Tūmanakohia he paepae tiritahi, kaua ko ngā pereti takitahi, i ngā wāhi maha
• Whakaaetia te kai ka tukuna mai, kaua e whakakāhore tonu
• Kaua e kai i mua i te aroaro o ētahi atu me te kore e tuku kia tiritahi
• He noa te tuku ika ki ngā manuhiri kāore e mārama ana ā rātou tikanga kai, nā te mea e noho tonu ana ki roto i ngā ture nohopuku Karaitiana Orotokehe

Ko ēhea kai me mōhio koe i tua atu i te doro wat?

Kotahi noa te doro wat i ngā wat maha. Anei ētahi atu e whā e kitea auau ana, mai i ngā kai ahiahi ā-whānau o ia rā ki ngā tahua kai o ngā wharekai.

Shiro

He kīnaki i mahia mai i te pīni heihei, i te pīni whānui rānei kua huria, kua āta kōhuatia me te hinu kakara, te pata kua whakaparakoretia rānei, kia puta ai he kīnaki mātotoru, maeneene. Koinei tētahi o ngā kai noa rawa i Etiopia — he utu iti, he whakakī puku, nō ngā tipu katoa, ā, ka kainga puta noa i ngā whakapono me ngā taumata ōhanga, ehara i ngā wā nohopuku anake.

Tibs

He mīti kua parai — he mīti kau, he reme rānei i te nuinga o te wā — ka tere tunua me te riki, te kāriki, te tiare me ngā kakara pērā i te berbere, me te niter kibbeh (te pata kakara kua whakaparakoretia). Ka rerekē te tibs mai i tētahi parai tere, wera nui, ki tētahi momo āta kōhua, ā, he kai noa e tonoa ana mō ngā whakanuitanga, i te kai i waho rānei.

Misir wat

He pīni pākākā whero kua āta kōhuatia i tētahi wairanu berbere kia ngāwari, kia mātotoru. Nō ngā tipu anake katoa, nō reira koinei tētahi o ngā kai noa e tukuna ana i ngā rā nohopuku Orotokehe o Etiopia, i te taha o te shiro.

Gomen

He kāpeti rau kua parai me te kāriki, te kanekane me te riki. I te nuinga o te wā he ngāwari ake i ngā wat kakara e karapoti ana, ā, he maha ngā wā ka tukuna hei rerekētanga whakamātao i te paepae ōrite, i te taha rānei o te kitfo.

He aha te kitfo, ā, he aha i hono ai ki te iwi Gurage?

Ko te kitfo he mīti kau kua tapatapahia kia iti, ka tukuna mata, kia paku mahana rānei e ai ki te tikanga tuku iho, kua ranua ki te mitmita (he ranunga kakara tiare) me te niter kibbeh (te pata kua whakaparakoretia, kua whakakakaratia ki ngā otaota). I ahu mai tōna ingoa i tētahi pūtake e tohu ana 'ki te tapatapahi kia iti', 'ki te kōkoti kia mōkitokito' rānei. I takea mai te kai i te iwi Gurage o te tonga-waenga o Etiopia, ā, e tino hono ana ki ngā kai a te Gurage, kaua ki te tunu kai o Etiopia whānui.

Mō te hunga e āwangawanga ana ki te mīti kau mata, he kōwhiringa kē noa ko kitfo leb leb te ingoa, he mea paku tunu, kaua mata. I te nuinga o te wā ka tukuna te kitfo me te ayibe, he tīhi hou, ngāwari, me te gomen rānei. I ngā whare Gurage, e ai ki te tikanga tuku iho ka tukuna me te kocho, he parāoa papatahi i mahia mai i te enset — te tipu 'panana teka' — kaua ko te injera, koia nei te hoa mōhiotia ake i ētahi atu wāhi o Etiopia.

Ka kitea te kitfo i ngā whakanuitanga, otirā i a Meskel, te hararei e whakanui ana i te Kitenga o te Rīpeka Pono.

Pēhea te nohopuku ā-whakapono e whakaawe ai i ngā kai tipu anake o Etiopia?

Ko te Hāhi Orotokehe Tewahedo o Etiopia, te whakahaere whakapono nui rawa o te whenua, e whai ana i tētahi maramataka nohopuku whānui. Ko ia Wenerei me ia Paraire o te tau he rā nohopuku (me ētahi okotahi i ngā hākari nui), ā, ko te Rēneti Nui — e mōhiotia ana ko Abiy Tsom — e haere ana mō ngā rā 55 karekau he wehenga i mua i te Aranga, he roa ake i te Rēneti 40 rā e whaia ana i ngā tikanga Karaitiana o te Uru.

I ngā rā nohopuku, ka karo ngā kaiwhai ngākau pono i te mīti, i ngā hua miraka me ngā hēki, ā, ko te whai pākaha ake ko te kore kai, kore inu hoki tae noa ki te 3 i te ahiahi pea, kotahi te kai i muri mai. He rerekē ngā mātāpuna mō te tapeke tika o ngā rā nohopuku ia tau — e kī ana tētahi tatau tae atu ki te 180 rā herenga mō te hunga reimana, ā, tae atu ki te 252 mō ngā minita, ā, e kī ana tētahi atu whakatau tata tata ki te 208 — engari ahakoa te tatau, he wāhanga nui o te maramataka.

Koinei tētahi take nui i hōhonu ai te kohinga kai tipu anake o te tunu kai o Etiopia. Ko te misir wat, te shiro, te atakilt wat (te kāpeti, te kāreti me te rīwai), te gomen me te azifa (he huamata pīni pākākā) he kai katoa i whanake hei kai matua mō ngā rā nohopuku, ā, ināianei ka kainga puta noa i te tau e te hunga o Etiopia e nohopuku ana me te hunga kāore e nohopuku, kāore e kīia he momo 'kai motuhake'.

He pēhea te rerekē o ngā kai o Etiopia i ia rohe?

Neke atu i te 80 ngā iwi e noho ana i Etiopia, ā, ka rerekē ngā kai i ia rohe, i ia hapori, i ngā āhua kāore i te kitea i ngā wharekai i tāwāhi, he maha nei ngā wā ka hangaia te tahua kai ki ngā kai e hono ana ki Amhara me Addis Ababa.

• Tigray, i te raki: ngā kīnaki mīti kau, reme, pīni pākākā rānei e kaha ana te berbere me te mitmita, me tētahi momo injera ā-rohe motuhake
• Amhara: te kāinga o ngā kai mōhiotia rawa i tāwāhi, tae atu ki te doro wat, te kitfo me te gomen, i runga i te injera teff
• Oromia: he nui te kitea o te doro wat me te shiro, i te nuinga o te wā e hangaia ana ki ngā kai hou, nō te rohe
• Ngā wāhi Gurage i te rohe o ngā Iwi o te Tonga: te kāinga o te kitfo, i ētahi wā ka whakakapia te injera e te kocho (te parāoa papatahi enset)
• Afar, i te rāwhiti: ngā kai e hāngai ana ki tētahi rohe wera, maroke, o te hunga whāngai kararehe, tae atu ki te zigni (he kīnaki mīti kakara) me te dabo kolo (he kai māmā kakara)

Ko te momo 'kai o Etiopia' e kitea whānuitia ana i waho o te whenua, ko te tunu kai o Amhara me Addis Ababa i te nuinga o te wā. Ko ngā kai ka tukuna tūturutia i te kāinga ka rerekē i te rohe, i te whakapono, i te ao i ahu mai ai te whānau.

He aha i hira ai ēnei mēnā e mōhio haere ana koe ki tētahi nō Etiopia

Ka puta wawe, ka puta auau hoki te kai i ngā kōrerorero whakawhanaunga, ā, he huarahi māori ki te pātai i ngā pātai tūturu, kaua i ngā pātai whānui: he aha ngā kai ka tunua i te kāinga, mēnā nō tētahi rohe, nō tētahi whānau motuhake rānei tētahi kai, he aha ngā kai ka tukuna mō ngā hararei pērā i a Meskel, i a Timkat rānei. Mā te mōhio he momo tunu kai katoa kei tua atu i te doro wat, ka whai koe i tētahi mea motuhake hei hiahia mōhio māu.

I runga i a Amarbis, he maha ngā wā ka pā ngā kōrerorero me ngā hononga e hono ana ki Etiopia ki ēnei tū taipitopito tonu — ngā kai ā-rohe, ngā tohutao ā-whānau, te āhua tūturu o tētahi kai rā nohopuku. He mea iti, engari koinei te rerekētanga i waenga i tētahi pātai e whakaatu ana kua aro koe, me tētahi e tū ana i te kai kotahi e mōhio kē ana te katoa.