Awitay d usrag n Ityubya, s telqay

Anwa aseggas tura deg Ityubya?

Tura, Ityubya tella deg useggas 2019 deg uwitay-ines. Ityubya ur teṭṭafar ara awitay n Gregorius yettwaseqdacen deg tuget n umaḍal. Teṭṭafar awitay n Ityubya (yettwasemma daɣen awitay Ge'ez), yeqqimen tura 7 ɣer 8 n yiseggasen deffir n umḍan n Gregorius, ilmend n tallit n useggas.

Aya mačči d tuccḍa n usiḍen, mačči d taɣawsa n ddin yettwaseqdacen s ttawil, mačči d anagraw "n tannumin" i yettwaḥerzen i lɛidat kan. D awitay yettwarun ɣef tkarḍiwin n timagit n Ityubya, yettwaseqdacen deg tfakturin d yisemliyen n lbanka, yettwaselmaden deg yiɣerbazen ɣer yidis n uzemz n Gregorius, yerna yettwabdar deg wawal n yal ass.

Acimi Ityubya tesɛa 13 n wagguren?

Awitay n Ityubya yesɛa 13 n wagguren: 12 n wagguren, yal yiwen s 30 n wussan kan, d waggur wis 13 awezlan yettwasemman Pagumen (yettwaru daɣen Pagume).

• 12 x 30 n wussan = 360 n wussan
• Pagumen yettarnu 5 n wussan deg useggas amagnu, neɣ 6 n wussan deg useggas amsentel (bissextile)
• 360 + 5 (neɣ 6) = 365 (neɣ 366) n wussan akk, am teɣzi n useggas n yiṭij

Ihi, aggur wis 13 mačči d tuccḍa neɣ d timerna n yidles - d amek awitay yessemṣadan 12 n wagguren n 30 n wussan d teɣzi n tidet n useggas. Yiṭyubiyen qqaren tikkal ɣef uwitay "13 n wagguren n yiṭij", d tafyirt yettwaseqdacen deg turizm n Ityubya, acku Pagumen yettili-d di tazwara n twilult mi ara tfakk tallit n ugeffur.

Amek iteddu useggas amsentel

Awitay n Ityubya yettarnu ass n useggas amsentel (Pagumen ad yili s 6 n wussan deg wadeg n 5) yal 4 n yiseggasen, war tixeṭṭarin. Aya yemgarad ɣef uwitay n Gregorius, i yettaǧǧan aseggas amsentel deg tuget n yiseggasen n tasut (amedya, 2100 ur yettili ara d aseggas amsentel deg Gregorius, maca ad yili d aseggas amsentel deg umḍan n Ityubya). Deg tasutin, aya yesnulfuy-d amgired s ttawil gar sin n yinagrawen, maca ur yettḥaz ara amgired n yal ass n 7-8 n yiseggasen i d-nettmeslay ddaw-a.

Acimi awitay n Ityubya yeqqim 7 n yiseggasen deffir - neɣ 8?

I sin n yimḍanen d tidet, maca deg tallitin yemgaraden n useggas n Gregorius. Amgired mačči d 7 kan neɣ d 8 kan - yettbeddil deg yiwen n wass yal aseggas: Aseggas Amaynut n Ityubya.

• Seg 1 Yennayer alamma d 10 (neɣ 11) Ctembeṛ deg uwitay n Gregorius: aseggas n Ityubya yeqqim 8 n yiseggasen deffir n useggas n Gregorius.
• Seg 11 (neɣ 12) Ctembeṛ alamma d 31 Dujembeṛ: aseggas n Ityubya yeqqim 7 n yiseggasen deffir, acku awitay n Ityubya yekcem yakan aseggas-is amaynut, ma d aseggas n Gregorius mazal.

Ihi, deg tmanya n wagguren d uzgen imezwura n useggas n Gregorius, kkes 8 akken ad tafeḍ aseggas n Ityubya. Seld Useggas Amaynut n Ityubya deg Ctembeṛ, kkes 7. D ayagi i yeǧǧan isegzayen s teglizit ur msefhamen ara ma d "7 n yiseggasen deffir" neɣ d "8 n yiseggasen deffir" - i sin glemen-d yiwen n unagraw deg tallitin yemgaraden n useggas, yerna ula d yiwen ur yecceḍ.

Ansi d-yekka umgired?

Amgired yuɣal ɣer sin n yisiḍen yemgaraden, i yettwaxedmen s tasutin gar-asen, ɣef yiwet n tedyant: Abeccer (Annonciation), i seqdacent snat n tannumin am tazwara n tallit n Anno Domini.

• Tamezgida Tirtudaksit n Ityubya teṭṭafar asiḍen n umrabeḍ n Lexandrya Annianus di tazwara n tasut wis 5.
• Tamasiḥit n Umalu teṭṭafar asiḍen nniḍen n umrabeḍ Dionysius Exiguus deg tasut wis 6, i d llsas n uwitay n Gregorius d uwitay n Julius n zik i yettwaseqdacen deg umaḍal ass-a.

Annianus d Dionysius Exiguus sbedden yiwet n tedyant s kra n yiseggasen gar-asen deg tezrirt n yal yiwen. Awitay n tmezgida n Ityubya yeṭṭef deg usiḍen n Annianus; awitay i yuɣalen d alugen n umaḍal yeṭṭef deg win n Dionysius. Amgired-agi, yettwawi ugar n wagim n yiseggasen, d netta kan i d laṣel n tlemmast - d tidet n umezruy ɣef wamek ttwasiḍnen sin n yiwitayen n tmezgida, mačči d amennuɣ gar liman d wayeḍ.

Melmi i d Aseggas Amaynut n Ityubya (Enkutatash)?

Aseggas Amaynut n Ityubya, yettwasemman Enkutatash, yettili-d ass n 11 Ctembeṛ deg uwitay n Gregorius deg tuget n yiseggasen. Deg useggas n Gregorius yezwaren aseggas amsentel n Gregorius, yettili-d ass deffir, 12 Ctembeṛ, ilmend n wamek mlalen wussan imsentlen n sin n yiwitayen.

Enkutatash d anamek-is "tikci n tewzalin" s tamharit. Tannumin n Ityubya tesseqdac isem-a ɣer tuɣalin n Tgellidt n Saba seg Lquds, mi ara as-d-ssugnen wid-is s tewzalin. Lɛid-a yessken-d taggara n tallit n ugeffur, yerna yettwasfugel s llebsa tamaynut, s yijeǧǧigen, s tẓallit deg tmezgida d yimensiyen n twacult - am tmeɣriwin n Useggas Amaynut deg wanda-nniḍen, deg wass nniḍen kan.

Acu i d "asrag n Ityubya"?

Ɣer yidis n uwitay, Ityubya tesseqdac abrid-is weḥd-s n umḍan n yisragen deg tudert n yal ass. Asrag amagnu deg Ityubya (East Africa Time, UTC+3) yettwaseqdac i yisafagen, i yihilen n unabaḍ d ubizniz n umaḍal. Maca deg wawal n yal ass, aṭas n yiṭyubiyen ttḥsaben isragen n wass seg tafrara, mačči seg ttnaṣef n yiḍ.

Imi Ityubya tella qrib n Yizirig n Tlemmast, tulya d uɣelluy n yiṭij qqimen qrib n 6:00 n ṣṣbeḥ d 6:00 n tmeddit akk aseggas, war amgired meqqren gar tallitin. D aserked-agi i yerran asrag n tafrara d ayen yelhan: tafrara tettwaḥsab d tazwara n tezzit tamaynut n 12 n yisragen, d 12:00 deg usrag n Ityubya, sakin isragen ttnernin seg dinna.

Amek ara tbeddleḍ asrag n Ityubya ɣer usrag amagnu

• Rnu 6 n yisragen ɣer usrag n Ityubya akken ad tafeḍ asrag amagnu (EAT).
• Kkes 6 n yisragen seg usrag amagnu (EAT) akken ad tafeḍ asrag n Ityubya.
• 1:00 n Ityubya (ṣṣbeḥ) = 7:00 n ṣṣbeḥ EAT
• 3:00 n Ityubya (azal) = 9:00 n ṣṣbeḥ EAT
• 6:00 n Ityubya (azal) = 12:00 n tlemmast n wass EAT
• 12:00 n Ityubya (tameddit) = 6:00 n tmeddit EAT
• 1:00 n Ityubya (iḍ) = 7:00 n tmeddit EAT

Acimi aya yesɛa azal i temlilin, i yihilen d yidiwenniyen?

I kra n win yettissinen yiwen seg Ityubya - ula deg usmel am Amarbis, anda inemdukal bdan s waṭas gar tmura d tudert yemgaraden - aya mačči d tamsalt tamecṭuḥt. Imulliden, isfugal d lɛidat zemren ad d-ttwabedren s uwitay n Ityubya; leɛmer neɣ aseggas n tlalit i yettbanen "7 n yiseggasen meẓẓi" yezmer kan ad d-yessken awitay ideg yettwasiḍen, mačči d tuccḍa. Yerna asrag yettwabedren deg wawal yezmer ad yili d asrag n Ityubya mačči d asrag n 24 n yisragen yettwaseqdacen deg wanda-nniḍen.

Ur tesriḍ ara ad tḥefḍeḍ tifelwiyin n ubeddel. Yelha kan ad teẓreḍ belli llan sin n yinagrawen, i sin ttwaseqdacen, yerna ur zmiren ara ad ttwabeddlen war ma txedmeḍ asiḍen i d-nebder nnig-a.

Awitay d usrag n Ityubya: tiririyin s zzerb

1. Acḥal n wagguren i yesɛa uwitay n Ityubya? Tlettac: tnac n 30 n wussan, d Pagumen (5 neɣ 6 n wussan).
2. Ityubya teqqim 7 neɣ 8 n yiseggasen deffir? I sin, ilmend n wass - 8 n yiseggasen deffir seg Yennayer alamma d tazwara n Ctembeṛ, 7 n yiseggasen deffir seg tlemmast n Ctembeṛ alamma d Dujembeṛ.
3. Melmi i d Aseggas Amaynut n Ityubya? 11 Ctembeṛ deg tuget n yiseggasen; 12 Ctembeṛ deg useggas yezwaren aseggas amsentel n Gregorius.
4. Ɣef wacu yebna usrag n Ityubya? Ɣef tezzit n 12 n yisragen yettebdun seg tafrara, qrib n 6:00 n ṣṣbeḥ d 6:00 n tmeddit s usrag amagnu.
5. Amek ara bedleɣ asrag n Ityubya ɣer usrag amagnu? Rnu 6 n yisragen (neɣ kkes 6 n yisragen i ubrid nniḍen).