Učči n Ityubya ugar n doro wat

Amek yella wučči n Ityubya s tidet ugar n doro wat?

Tuget n medden beṛṛa n Ityubya ssnen yiwen n umeṭbex kan: doro wat, ameṭbex n yiyaziḍ yettwasewwen deg berbere (asexleḍ n tebzar s yifelfel) yettwafken s tmellalt yettwasewwen. D ameṭbex n tidet, s waṭas i tegnatin tuzzigin, maca d yiwet n tewwurt kan ɣer tsnawalt meqqren aṭas.

Asewwi n Ityubya yezzi i injera, d aɣrum aqurar n teff yettwaxemren yettwaseqdacen d aḍebsi d tɣenjawt, d wat — awal amatu n umeṭbex s uqenduz, i yellan s tuzzyiwin s tmerwin: s weksum, s leɛdes, s lxeḍṛa, s tebzar, war tabzart. I tama n yimensiyen-agi llant tannumin i yesbedden amek ara yettwačč: učči seg yiwen n uḍebsi s ufus ayeffus, d gursha, anda yiwen yesseqdac afus-is akken ad yegg tafettust n učči srid deg yimi n wayeḍ. Nnig waya akk yella uwitay n uẓum n ddin i yerran asewwi vegan d ayen amagnu n yal ass, d yimgerraden n temnaḍin yeqqnen ɣer waṭas n yiɣerfan d tutlayin n Ityubya.

Amnir-agi yettmeslay ɣef yiḥricen n učči n Ityubya ur nettwali ara s waṭas win i d-yusan i tikkelt tamezwarut: d acu i d injera s tidet, d acu i d anamek n gursha, anti imensiyen ilaq ad tessineḍ ugar n doro wat, d wamek yemgarad wučči seld tamnaḍt.

D acu i d injera, d wacimi tesɛa azal ugar n yal ameṭbex?

Injera d aɣrum aqurar, irkeb, yettwaxemren, cwiṭ d asemmam, yettwaxdam s teff, d aɛeqqa amecṭuḥ i d-yekkan seg yidurar n Ityubya. Teff ulac deg-s gluten s tgamt yerna tazmert-is n učči d tameqqrant i uɛeqqa: kra n yiḍrisen ɣef wayen yellan deg teff qqaren-d belli ɣur-s 9.4–13.3% n protein, akked uzal ameqqran n wuzzal, n calcium, n zinc d magnesium.

Injera n tannumin tettwaxdam s usexleḍ n uren n teff d waman d ersho, d tamtunt i d-yeqqimen seg tikkelt yezrin (am temtunt n weɣrum n lexmira). Aɛjun yettɛeddi s uxemmer amezwaru n 30 ɣer 72 n yisragen, sakin s uxemmer wis sin awezlan n azal n sin n yisragen mi ara d-yettwarnu uḥric n uɛjun yettwasewwen, yettwasemman absit. Axemmer-agi aɣezfan d netta i yettaken i injera tisemmamt-is d yiflan-is imecṭuḥen, i qqaren "allen", i yettɛawanen aɣrum ad yeswu aseqqi.

Injera mačči d ayen yettwarnan. D llsas ɣef yebna wučči: wat yettwasebrurruy srid ɣef tferka tameqqrant n injera, s yiḥricen nniḍen yettwaḍebren i tama. Wid yettetten ttfettiten tafettust n injera n ddaw, sseqdacen-tt akken ad ddmen ameṭbex, ihi aɣrum yettuɣal d aḍebsi d tɣenjawt ɣef tikkelt.

D acu i d gursha?

Gursha d tannumt n ufettet n tfettust n injera, ad tettwaɛemmer s tuccit n umeṭbex, sakin ad tettwagg srid s ufus deg yimi n wayeḍ. D tannumt n tmetti s umata, mačči d tikli n tayri — tettili gar yimdanen n twacult, imeddukal, imdukal n uxeddim, d wid yettheyyin d yinebgawen deg yimensiyen ttemcarakin, yerna tezmer ad tettwafk i win i tessneḍ tura am win i tessneḍ seg yiseggasen.

Tesɛa leqder-is: win yettawin gursha ilaq ad yawi učči war ma yennul yimi-s iḍudan n win i t-id-yefkan, yerna aɣelluy n učči yettwaḥsab d tuccḍa. Yiwet n gursha kan tikkal tettwaḥsab ur tfukk ara neɣ ur telhi ara, ihi tikli-agi s waṭas tettuɣal-d.

Tannumt-a teqqen ɣer yinzi yeqqaren belli wid yettetten seg yiwen n uḍebsi ur ttxunun ara wa wayeḍ, yerna s waṭas tettwaglam d abrid n usken n uqbal, n tmuqqrebt neɣ n tanemmirt deg tegnit-nni — qrib am uɛennaq gar yimeddukal mačči am tannumt n tɣara.

• Tettwafk sɣur twacult, imeddukal, imdukal n uxeddim neɣ wid yettheyyin — ur teqqin ara ɣer yiwen n wassaɣ
• S waṭas tettili deg yimensiyen ttemcarakin seg yiwen n uḍebsi
• Win tt-yettawin yettawi tuccit war ma yennul yimi-s afus
• S waṭas tettuɣal-d ula d yiwet n tikkelt, acku yiwet n gursha kan tezmer ad tettwaḥsab ur telhi ara
• Tettwafham d tamatart n leḥnana, n leqder neɣ n uqbal deg tegnit-nni

Amek ttetten s tidet yiṭyubiyen — ifassen, aḍebsi n tecraka d leqder

Učči s umata yettwačč s ufus ayeffus. Afus azelmaḍ s tannumin ur yettwaseqdac ara i učči neɣ i uɛeddi n učči, maca aseqdec n sin n yifassen yettwaqbal.

S waṭas, učči yettwafk deg yiwen n uḍebsi meqqren mačči deg yiḍebsiyen n yal yiwen: injera ɣef ddaw, wat yemgaraden ttwasebrurruyen nnig-s s yiḥricen, yerna yal win yellan ɣer ṭṭabla yettett srid seg uḍebsi-nni n tlemmast, yettfettit injera akken ad yeddem učči deg wadeg n tfercettin neɣ n tfrawin.

Lḥerma n yinebgawen ɣur-s ayen yettwaṛǧan. Aɛdal n učči i k-d-fkan s umata yettwaḥsab d ayen ur nelhi ara, yerna učči zdat wiyaḍ war ma tefkiḍ-asen yettwaḥsab d lḥeqra. Wid yettheyyin s waṭas ttaken i yinebgawen d imezwura neɣ fkan-asen gursha d tamatart n ummuger, yerna aqqim ɣer ṭṭabla seld učči — deg wadeg n tuffɣa akken kan — yettwafham d leqder.

• Ečč, ɛeddi učči s ufus ayeffus
• Ṛaǧu aḍebsi n tecraka mačči iḍebsiyen n yal yiwen deg aṭas n yimukan
• Qbel učči i k-d-fkan deg wadeg ad t-tɛedleḍ srid
• Ur tettett ara zdat wiyaḍ war ma tefkiḍ-asen
• Iselman s waṭas ttwafken i yinebgawen ur nettwassen ara wučči-nsen, acku ttemṣadan d yilugan n uẓum n yimasiḥiyen Irtudaksiyen

Anti imensiyen ilaq ad tessineḍ ugar n doro wat?

Doro wat d yiwen n wat gar waṭas. Ha-t-an kuẓ nniḍen yettbanen dima, seg yimensiyen n twacult n yal ass alamma d yimuɣen n yimensiyen.

Shiro

Ameṭbex yettwaxedmen s lḥemmes neɣ s ibawen yettwaẓḍen, yettwasewwen s zzit s tebzar neɣ s dhan yettwasfan alamma yuɣal d aɛjun aẓuran, irkeb. D yiwen seg yimensiyen yettilin akk deg Ityubya — ur ɣli ara, yesseqniɛ, d win n yimɣan kan, yettwačč sɣur yal ddin d yal tadamsa, mačči deg tallit n uẓum kan.

Tibs

Aksum yettwaqlan neɣ yettwasewwen s zzerb — s waṭas aksum n tfunast neɣ n wezger — s lebṣel, tiskert, ifelfel d tebzar am berbere, akked niter kibbeh (dhan yettwasfan s tebzar). Tibs yezmer ad yili seg uqeli arurad ɣef tmes tameqqrant alamma d lqem s ttawil s uqenduz, yerna d ayen yettwasutren s waṭas i tmeɣriwin neɣ deg yimensiyen beṛṛa.

Misir wat

Leɛdes azeggaɣ yettwasewwen deg useqqi n berbere alamma yuɣal d arkab, d aẓuran. D vegan akk, ihi d yiwen seg yimensiyen imagnuten n wussan n uẓum Irtudaksi n Ityubya, akked shiro.

Gomen

Akrumb n lexla (collard) yettwaqlan s tiskert, skenjbir d lebṣel. S waṭas ur yeḥmi ara am wat s tebzar i t-yezzin, yerna s waṭas yettwafk d asemmeḍ deg yiwen n uḍebsi, neɣ akked kitfo.

D acu i d kitfo, d wacimi yeqqen ɣer Gurage?

Kitfo d aksum n tfunast yettwaẓḍen, s tannumin yettwafk d azegzaw neɣ yeḥma cwiṭ kan, yexleḍ d mitmita (asexleḍ n tebzar s yifelfel) d niter kibbeh (dhan yettwasfan s yiẓegzawen). Isem-is yekka-d seg uẓar i d-yeqqaren "gezzem s leɛqel" neɣ "ẓeḍ". Ameṭbex yekka-d seg yiɣerfan n Gurage n unẓul-alemmas n Ityubya, yerna yeqqen s waṭas ɣer usewwi n Gurage s timmad-is, mačči ɣer usewwi n Ityubya s umata.

I win yettaggaden aksum azegzaw, yella lqem nniḍen yettwassnen yettwasemman kitfo leb leb, yettwasewwen cwiṭ deg wadeg ad yili d azegzaw. Kitfo s waṭas yettwafk akked ayibe, d aklilla amaynut, war tabzart, neɣ akked gomen. Deg yixxamen n Gurage, s tannumin yettwafk akked kocho, d aɣrum yettwaxedmen s enset — imɣi n "tbanant n lekdeb" — mačči akked injera, i yettwassnen ugar deg wanda-nniḍen deg Ityubya.

Kitfo yettban-d deg tmeɣriwin, ladɣa Meskel, lɛid n Tifin n Tsellbit n Tidet.

Amek uẓum n ddin yesbedd učči vegan n Ityubya?

Tamezgida Tirtudaksit Tewahedo n Ityubya, tuddsa n ddin tameqqrant akk deg tmurt, teṭṭafar awitay n uẓum meqqren. Yal Larebɛa d Lǧemɛa n useggas d ass n uẓum (s kra n tixeṭṭarin qrib n lɛidat timeqqranin), yerna Uẓum Ameqqran — yettwassnen s yisem Abiy Tsom — yettawi 55 n wussan war aḥbas send Tenkra, ugar n Uẓum n 40 n wussan n tannumin timasiḥiyin n Umalu.

Deg wussan n uẓum, wid yettḍafaren ur ttetten ara aksum, ayefki d tmellalin, yerna aḍfar s leǧhed yebɣa ad yini ur ttetten ur ssen alamma d azal n 3 n tmeddit, sakin yiwen n imensi. Iɣbula mgaraden ɣef umḍan s telqay n wussan n uẓum deg useggas — yiwen yeqqar-d alamma d 180 n wussan ilaqen i yimdanen imagnuten d 252 i yiqessisen, wayeḍ yeqqar-d azal n 208 — maca s yal amḍan, d aḥric meqqren n uwitay.

Awitay-agi d yiwet seg tsebbiwin timeqqranin i yeǧǧan asewwi n Ityubya ad yesɛu yakk tasnawalt vegan tameqqrant. Misir wat, shiro, atakilt wat (akrumb, zrudiya d batata), gomen d azifa (taselḍit n leɛdes) d imensiyen i d-yennulfan i wussan n uẓum, tura ttwaččen akk aseggas sɣur yiṭyubiyen yettẓumun d wid ur nettẓum ara, mačči am "rrijim" weḥd-s.

Amek yemgarad wučči n Ityubya seld tamnaḍt?

Ityubya tesɛa ugar n 80 n yiɣerfan, yerna učči yemgarad seld tamnaḍt d tmetti s yiberdan ur nettban ara dima deg yimensiyen n berra, anda umuɣ s waṭas yebna ɣef yimensiyen n Amhara d Addis Abeba.

• Tigray, deg ugafa: imensiyen n weksum n tfunast, n wezger neɣ n leɛdes s waṭas n berbere d mitmita, s yiwen n wanaw adigan n injera
• Amhara: d ansi d-kkan yimensiyen yettwassnen akk beṛṛa, am doro wat, kitfo d gomen, ɣef injera n teff
• Oromia: doro wat d shiro ttbanen aṭas, s umata s tɣawsiwin timaynutin n tmurt
• Timnaḍin n Gurage deg Temnaḍt n Yiɣerfan n Unẓul: d axxam n kitfo, anda kocho (aɣrum n enset) tikkal yettuɣal deg wadeg n injera
• Afar, deg usammar: imensiyen i yelhan i tmnaḍt yeḥman, yeqquren, n yimeksawen, am zigni (ameṭbex n weksum yeḥman) d dabo kolo (tiɣawsiwin n tečča s tebzar)

Lqem n "učči n Ityubya" yettbanen akk beṛṛa n tmurt s waṭas d asewwi n Amhara d Addis Abeba. Ayen yettwafken s tidet deg uxxam yemgarad seld tamnaḍt, ddin d laṣel n twacult.

Acimi aya yesɛa azal ma tettissineḍ yiwen seg Ityubya

Učči yettban-d zik, s waṭas, deg yidiwenniyen n tmusni, yerna d abrid amagnu i wakken ad testeqsiḍ isteqsiyen n tidet mačči d isteqsiyen imatuyen: d acu i yettwasewwen deg uxxam, ma ameṭbex yuɣal ɣer yiwet n tmnaḍt neɣ n twacult, d acu i yettwafken deg lɛidat am Meskel neɣ Timkat. Tamussni belli tella yakk tasnawalt ugar n doro wat tettak-ak kra n wulmis ara k-yessenzhen.

Deg Amarbis, idiwenniyen d yinemdukal yeqqnen ɣer Ityubya s waṭas ttnulen ɣer telqayin am tigi — imensiyen n temnaḍin, tisebbiḍin n twacult, amek yettban s tidet imensi n wass n uẓum. D taɣawsa tamecṭuḥt, maca d amgired gar usteqsi i yesskanen belli tesliḍ s tidet d usteqsi i yeḥbes ɣef yiwen n umeṭbex i yessen yal yiwen yakan.