Tameɣra n lqahwa n Ityubya: Ayen yellan s tidet deg Buna

D acu i d tameɣra n lqahwa n Ityubya?

Tameɣra n lqahwa n Ityubya, yettwasemman s tamharit buna, d tannumt ideg ttqelliwen iɛeqqayen n lqahwa izegzawen ɣef tirgin, ttezḍen-ten s ufus, sswayen-ten deg tqebuct n wakal yettwasemman jebena, sakin fkan lqahwa i yinebgawen deg tlata n tezzyiwin yemgaraden: abol, tona d bereka. D yiwet seg tannumin n tmetti yettwassnen akk deg Ityubya, tettili deg yixxamen, deg yimukan n uxeddim, d tmeɣriwin seg uxeṭṭeb alamma d lmut.

Buna tetteddu am temlilt yettwaheyyan ugar n tissit kan. S waṭas yiwen seg twacult i tt-iheyyan, tettili ɣef wakal neɣ ɣef ugertil iččuren d leḥcic amaynut, tikkal d ijeǧǧigen, tetteddu s ttawil n yiɛeqqayen, mačči s ttawil n yinebgawen. Tuffɣa send tazzit tis tlata n tmeɣra tettwaḥsab d abrid amecṭuḥ n tagara n tarzeft.

Acḥal i tettawi tmeɣra n lqahwa n Ityubya?

Iɣbula ur msefhamen ara ɣef wakud s telqay, aya yessken-d acḥal tmeɣra tettbeddil seg uxxam ɣer wayeḍ d tegnit ɣer tayeḍ. Kra n yimniren qqaren tameɣra ummidt, seg uqeli alamma d tazzit tis tlata, tettawi azal n 30 n tesdatin. Wiyaḍ qqaren seg yiwen ɣer sin n yisragen, yerna kra n yiɣbula n tnezzut n lqahwa qqaren sin ɣer tlata n yisragen i tmeɣra s ttawil s ubeddel n lqahwa yettwaẓḍen d waman gar tezzyiwin. Ayen i d-qqaren akk yiɣbula: mačči d asteɛfu arurad n lqahwa; d akud i yettwasbedden s lebɣi.

Daxel n tmeɣra: seg uɛeqqa azegzaw alamma d lkas

Kullec yettwaxdam seg tazwara alamma d taggara, zdat wid ara t-yessun.

1. Iɛeqqayen n lqahwa izegzawen, ur nettwaqli ara, ttwasirden, sakin ttwaqlin deg tbaqit ɣef tirgin neɣ ɣef lgaz, s usexleḍ ur nḥebbes ara alamma ḍelmen, ssuffɣen-d zzit.
2. S waṭas, win yettheyyin yettawi tabaqit deg uxxam akken ad ṛaḥen yinebgawen aqeli. Riḥa tettwaḥsab d aḥric n tmeɣra, mačči d ayen yettɣimin kan.
3. Iɛeqqayen yettwaqlan ttwaẓḍen s ufus, s tannumin s ubrid n wesɣar yettwasemman mukecha d zenezena.
4. Lqahwa yettwaẓḍen tettwasekcam deg jebena, d taqbuct n wakal s yiri ɣezzifen d tqemmuct tamecṭuḥt, d waman, sakin ad tbeqbeq.
5. Lqahwa tettwasebrurruy seg uɛlay ɣer yifenjalen imecṭuḥen war afus yettwasemman sini (yettwaru daɣen cini), war amzizdeg. Iri amecṭuḥ n jebena yeṭṭef tuget n lqahwa yettwaẓḍen.

Tlata n tezzyiwin: abol, tona d bereka

Inebgawen ur ttawin ara yiwen n ufenjal; ttawin tlata, yal yiwen seg ubeqbeq amaynut n yiwet n lqahwa yettwaẓḍen, yerna yal tazzit ɣur-s isem-is d unamek-is. Kra n temnaḍin d yiɣbula sseqdacen ismawen nniḍen: huletegna i tazzit tis snat, sostegna i tis tlata.

• Abol: tazzit tamezwarut, d tin iǧehden akk acku lqahwa yettwaẓḍen d tamaynut. Tessken-d tazwara n tmlilt.
• Tona (huletegna): tazzit tis snat, tettwaxdam s tmerna n waman imaynuten ɣef yiwet n lqahwa, sakin ad tbeqbeq tikkelt nniḍen. Tefsus ɣef abol, s waṭas d tikkelt-a i yettelli wawal.
• Bereka (sostegna): tazzit tis tlata d taneggarut, tikkal tettwasemma baraka, d anamek-is tabarakt. D tin ideg drus kafiyin, maca aṭas n yiɣbula qqaren d tin yesɛan azal meqqren deg tmetti. Tuffɣa send ad tettwafk tezmer ad tettwafhem am uḥbas n tarzeft.

Anwa i yettawin tameɣra, d wanda tettili

S waṭas d tameṭṭut n uxxam i yettawin tameɣra, d yemma neɣ d yelli, i yettqelliwen, yettezḍen, yettheyyin, yettfekkan ma d inebgawen qqimen kan, ttawin yal tazzit. Deg aṭas n yixxamen, tazmert-agi tettɛeddi srid seg yemma ɣer yelli, d aḥric seg ulmad n usefrek n uxxam. Kra n yiḍrisen qqaren-d d tameṭṭut tamecṭuḥt akk i yettfekkan lqahwa.

S waṭas tettili ɣef wakal neɣ ɣef ṭṭabla tamecṭuḥt, ɣef ugertil iččuren d leḥcic yettwagezmen tura, tikkal d ijeǧǧigen, deg uxxam, deg texxamt n usteɛfu n uxeddim, neɣ deg buna bet (axxam n lqahwa). Tezmer ad tili yiwet n tikkelt deg wass neɣ aṭas n tikkal, yerna ur tesri ara tagnit tuzzigt. Tameddit tamagnut tekfa.

Lbexxur, tiɣawsiwin n tečča d wadeg n tmeɣra

Lbexxur, neɣ asexleḍ n lbexxur d lmerr yettwasemman etan, yettwaḥraq ɣef tirgin akk deg tmeɣra. Agu-ines yettwaḥsab d aḥric n tirmit, mačči d ayen yettwarnan kan.

• Kolo: timzin yettwaqlan, s waṭas yexleḍ d lkawkaw neɣ d yiɛeqqayen nniḍen yettwaqlan
• Popcorn (ṭṭerḍeq)
• Aɣrum am himbasha (yettwasemma daɣen ambasha), neɣ s ttawil amagnu, injera

Tiɣawsiwin-agi ttwaččant gar tezzyiwin, mačči am imensi, yerna d ayen yettilin ad yettɛemmir win yettheyyin aḍebsi alamma tfuk tmeɣra.

Imgerraden gar temnaḍin n Ityubya

Tuddsa tagejdant, aqeli, aẓaḍ, asewwi, tlata n tezzyiwin, d yiwet deg tmurt akk, maca ayen yettwasekcamen deg jebena d wayen yellan deg uḍebsi ttbeddilen seld tamnaḍt d tegrawla.

• Deg Kafa d kra n yiḥricen n usammar-unẓul, kra ttarnun dhan, skenjbir n lexla neɣ tament ɣer lqahwa, yerna kra n yiḍrisen qqaren-d ɣef jebena n Kafa, yettwasemman mankira, ur nesɛi ara tiqemmuct n zdat i yettwaseqdacen deg wanda-nniḍen.
• Deg Sidama d tuget n unẓul n Ityubya, lḥil d tabzart i ttarnun akk.
• Deg kra n yiḥricen n ugafa n Ityubya, qerfa neɣ fiğel (tena adam) i ttarnun s waṭas.

Acimi tameɣra tesɛa azal i lḥerma n yinebgawen d temlilin gar yidlisen

Buna d tikli tamezwarut n tmetti deg Ityubya. Tafyirt buna tetu, anamek-is "su lqahwa", tetteddu am "yya ad nsu lqahwa" deg tutlayin nniḍen, maca tameɣra s tidet tesɛa ugar n lwaǧeb: aɛdal n tmeɣra yettwaɛerḍen, neɣ tuffɣa deg tlemmast-is, ttwalin-tt medden. Tessken-d trezfin n yal ass gar yijiran, akked uxeṭṭeb, tiwizzin, lmut d temlilin n uxeddim, yerna tetteddu ula deg tallit n uẓum n yimasiḥiyen Irtudaksiyen acku lqahwa s timmad-is ur tettwagdel ara.

I kra n win yettissinen yiwen yeqqnen ɣer Ityubya neɣ ɣer yimeɣriben-is, d ayagi i yeǧǧan Amarbis ad d-yebder tannumin am ta, tamsalt d tafessast: tameɣra n lqahwa mačči d awal kan s yifecka. Ma yettwafk-ak-d, akud i tettawi d netta i d lmeɛna, mačči d ayen yettɣimin.

Leqder n tmeɣra n lqahwa i yinebgawen

Ulac ayen yettwarun d alugen deg wanda yella, maca ttemṣadan yiḍrisen ɣef wamek tettwaɛic tmeɣra s tidet am unebgi.

• Qqim anda i k-d-mlan, eǧǧ iman-ik d aqimi. Win yettheyyin i yettqellin, yettsewwayen, yettfekkan; inebgawen s waṭas ur ttɛawanen ara.
• Qbel afenjal amezwaru (abol) ula ma ur tebɣiḍ ara ad tkemmleḍ tlata n tezzyiwin, yerna ini-d ma tesriḍ ad truḥeḍ zik deg wadeg ad teffɣeḍ s tuffra.
• Fk-d awal yelhan ɣef riḥa mi ara d-tezzi tbaqit n uqeli. D akud yettwaṛǧan deg tannumt, mačči d leḥya kan.
• Ečč kolo neɣ popcorn i k-d-fkan gar tezzyiwin; aɛdal akk yezmer ad yettban d aweḥcan, maca ma tečč-iḍ drus kan yelha.
• Ṛaǧu awal, mačči tasusmi. Asteɛfu gar tezzyiwin yella i wawal, mačči i tmuɣli ɣer tiliɣri.

Amezruy, tamacahut n Kaldi, d uqbal n UNESCO

Tamacahut yettwassnen tesseqdac aḥric i umeksa n wakraren isem-is Kaldi, i yettwalin, akken qqaren, iɣeṭṭen-is ttnekkaren mi ččan iɛeqqayen n lqahwa. D tamacahut, mačči d amezruy yettwarun: lqem aqdim yettwassnen, yettwarun sɣur amusnaw amaruni Antoine Faustus Nairon deg 1671, ur d-yebdir ara Kaldi akk, yerna isem s timmad-is yettban yekka-d kan seg udlis n 1922 n umazray n lqahwa William Ukers. Beṛṛa n tmucuha, d ayen yettwasnen belli Coffea arabica tekka-d seg yiẓgan n yidurar n usammar-unẓul n Ityubya, gar-asen tamnaḍt n Kaffa.

Deg 2025, Ityubya mazal ur tewwiḍ ara addad n Tukkist n Yidles Udmawan n UNESCO i tmeɣra n lqahwa; mazal deg ubrid. Inemhalen n Ityubya, tanarit n UNESCO deg Addis Abeba d tuddsiwin n tukkist ssudsen-d tasilt n tmurt deg Jimma deg Fuṛar 2025 akken ad heyyin afaylu n usumer, s yiswi ad tettwaru tmeɣra deg Tebdart Tamagnut n UNESCO. Aya yebɣa ad yini belli tameɣra ur tella ara tura deg tebdart, ula ma tikkal qqaren-d aya deg internet.