Uẓum Irtudaksi n Ityubya: ussan n yal ddurt d uẓum n tallitin

Acḥal n wussan deg useggas i yettwaẓumen deg Tirtudaksit n Ityubya?

Tannumin n Tmezgida Tirtudaksit Tewahedo n Ityubya sbeddent qrib 180 n wussan n uẓum deg useggas i yimdanen imagnuten, qrib 250 i yimrabḍen, i tmrabḍin d yiqessisen, akken qqaren yiɣbula n tmezgida. Amḍan-agi yesɛa sin n wanawen n uẓum: tikli n yal ddurt n Larebɛa d Lǧemɛa, d kra n yiẓumen n tallitin yeqqnen ɣer uwitay n tmezgida, ameqqran deg-sen yettawi qrib sin n wagguren.

D aṭas ma nserwes-it d tuget n tannumin timasiḥiyin, yerna yettḥaz tudert n yal ass deg Ityubya s wudem iban: ayen yettwasewwen deg uxxam, ayen sseqdacen yimensiyen deg wumuɣ, d wussan ideg tawacult tezmer ad theyyi tameɣra neɣ imensi ameqqran.

Awal n uẓum s tamharit d tsom. Ad t-twaliḍ deg yimuɣen, deg tefyar am ye-tsom (n uẓum, d arbib n umeṭbex), d yismawen n tuget n yiẓumen ddaw-a, i yettebdun s Tsome- d wayen i d-smektayen.

Anti wussan i yettwaẓumen yal ddurt?

Larebɛa d Lǧemɛa, yal ddurt, akk aseggas, s yiwet n tixeṭṭart: xemsin n wussan seld Fasika (Tafaska n Tenkra Tirtudaksit n Ityubya), mi ara yettwakkes uẓum n ddurt d aḥric seg tmeɣra n Tenkra. Deg 2026, Fasika tettili ass n 12 Yebrir, ihi asteɛfu yettawi qrib seg tlemmast n Yebrir alamma d tazwara n Yunyu.

• Larebɛa tettwaẓum acku tannumin n tmezgida qqarent d ass-a i yegzem Sanhedrin ad yekker mgal Ɛisa.
• Lǧemɛa tettwaẓum i usmekti n tsellbit.
• Beṛṛa n usteɛfu seld Tenkra, sin n wussan n uẓum n ddurt ttuɣalen war tixeṭṭart, mačči am kra n yiẓumen n tallitin i yettbeddilen ussan-nsen seg useggas ɣer wayeḍ.

D acu ur tettetteḍ ara deg uẓum Irtudaksi n Ityubya?

Deg wass n uẓum, alugen d afessas: ulac aksum, ulac ayefki d wayen i d-yekkan seg-s, ulac tamellalin, ulac dhan. S wawal n Umalu, d učči vegan deg tallit n uẓum — kullec yekka-d seg yimɣan.

Akud d aswir wis sin, yerna d netta i ur ttwalin ara s waṭas yinebgawen. Aḍfar s leǧhed yebɣa ad yini ur tettetteḍ acemma alamma d 3 n tmeddit, sakin ad tetteḍ yiwen n imensi kan deg tmeddit neɣ deg yiḍ. Kra ttẓumun akka yal ass n uẓum; aṭas nniḍen ṭṭafaren alugen n učči war alugen n wakud, neɣ ṭṭafaren kra n yiẓumen s leǧhed, wiyaḍ s ttawil. Kra n wid yettḍafaren s leǧhed ggaden ula d ccrab deg tallit n uẓum.

Iẓumen n tallitin: Uẓum Ameqqran, Advent, d wiyaḍ

Beṛṛa n tikli n Larebɛa-Lǧemɛa n yal ddurt, tamezgida tesbedd kra n yiẓumen nniḍen ɣezzifen, s wussan-nsen. Iɣbula mgaraden cwiṭ ɣef umḍan n wussan d wass n tazwara, acku kra qqnen ɣer uwitay n Ityubya yerkden, wiyaḍ ttembiwilen akked Fasika, maca tamuɣli tamatut d yiwet:

• Abiy Tsom (Uẓum Ameqqran, yettwasemma daɣen Tsome Hudade): uẓum aɣezfan akk, qrib 55 ɣer 56 n wussan send Fasika, yebna seg tlata n tallitin wezzilen, yal yiwet deffir tayeḍ.
• Tsome Nebiyat (Advent, yettwasemma daɣen Uẓum n Yinabiyen neɣ Tsome Gahad): azal n 40 n wussan, seg taggara n Wambeṛ alamma d tazwara n Yennayer, yettfakka s Lmilad n Ityubya (Gena, 7 Yennayer).
• Uẓum n Yimceggɛen (Tsome Hawaryat): yettebdu Letnayen seld Pentikost, yettkemmil alamma d 26 neɣ 29 Yunyu, ihi teɣzi-ines tettbeddil seg useggas ɣer wayeḍ — seg 10 ɣer ugar n 40 n wussan ilmend n wass n Fasika.
• Filseta (Uẓum n Usali n Maryem): 15 n wussan, seg 7 ɣer 21 Ɣuct — ihi yella tura deg waggur-a.
• Tsome Nenewe (Uẓum n Ninwa): 3 n wussan kan, seg Letnayen alamma d Larebɛa, qrib tlata n ddurat send ad yebdu Uẓum Ameqqran.
• Gahad: iẓumen n yiwen n wass deg yiḍ n uzekka n Lmilad d Epiphanie.

Acimi mačči yal ameṭbex n lxeḍṛa d učči n uẓum?

D tamsalt-a i yesserwayen qrib yal win ur nekkir ara yid-s. Ameṭbex yezmer ad yettwaxdem akk s leɛdes, s lḥemmes neɣ s lxeḍṛa, maca ur yettili ara d učči n uẓum, ilmend n yiwet n tɣawsa: niter kibbeh, d dhan yettwasfan yettwasewwen s tebzar — skenjbir, tiskert, besobela (lḥbeq iqedsen), lḥelba, lḥil, qerfa d wugar — i d llsas n tuget n usewwi n yal ass n Ityubya.

Imi niter kibbeh d dhan, kra yettwasewwen s yis-s d ayen n wayefki, ulac awal nniḍen, ula ma deg tqedruct aṭas n lxeḍṛa. Akken ad yuɣal umeṭbex-nni d win n uẓum, iselwayen sseqdacen zzit n yimɣan, tikkal s tebzar yettwasemman yeqimem zeyet, yettwaxdam am niter kibbeh maca s zzit deg wadeg n dhan.

Shiro: yiwen n yisem, sin n yimensiyen yemgaraden

Shiro — ameṭbex n uren n lḥemmes neɣ n ibawen — d amedya ibanen akk. Llsas-ines d vegan s tgamt, d ayagi i t-yerran d ameṭbex amezwaru n uẓum. Maca yiwen n yisem deg wumuɣ yezmer ad yili d lqem yettwasewwen s niter kibbeh, ur nelli ara d učči n uẓum, neɣ d lqem yettwasewwen s zzit, i d učči n uẓum. Yella daɣen lqem s weksum, yettwasemman bozena shiro. Tlata n yimensiyen, yiwen n yisem, yerna amgired ur yettban ara ma ur testeqsiḍ ara neɣ ma ur tessineḍ ara akuzin.

1. Shiro yettwasewwen s niter kibbeh (dhan) — mačči d ameṭbex n uẓum.
2. Shiro yettwasewwen s zzit, tikkal yettwaru ye-tsom (n uẓum) shiro — d vegan yerna yelha i uẓum.
3. Bozena shiro, s weksum — mačči d ameṭbex n uẓum, mačči d vegetarian.

S tidet, s wacḥal n leǧhed i t-ṭṭafaren medden?

Yemgarad aṭas. Aselmed n tmezgida yeqqar-d belli yal win iɛeddan sebɛa n yiseggasen ilaq ad yeẓẓum, maca s tidet aḍfar yettbeddil seg yiqessisen d yimdanen imeqqranen neɣ wid yesɛan liman aṭas i yeṭṭafaren awitay akk — ula d alugen n učči deg tmeddit kan — alamma d wid yettẓumun deg Uẓum Ameqqran kan, Larebɛa d Lǧemɛa kan, neɣ ur ttẓumun ara akk.

Adeg daɣen yesɛa azal: ineɣmasen d yiɣbula n tmezgida qqaren-d belli uẓum yettwaḍfar s leǧhed ugar deg kra n tmetti n yiɣerman d yidurar ugar n kra n yiḥricen n Addis Abeba, anda tilelli tettili s waṭas. Ulac yiwen n wudem aṣeḥḥiḥ i wakken ad d-tgelmeḍ amek yettẓum yal amasiḥi Irtudaksi n Ityubya — yeqqen ɣer umdan, ɣer twacult, s waṭas ɣer uẓum s timmad-is.

Uẓum Ameqqran s timmad-is d amedya yelhan n wamek yezmer yiwen n uẓum ad yili s yiswiren. Iɣbula qqaren-d yebna seg tlata n tallitin wezzilen yal yiwet deffir tayeḍ: tallit n 8 n wussan yettwasemman Tsome Hirkal, tallit n 40 n wussan yettwasemman Tsome Arba (i usmekti n 40 n wussan i yeẓẓum Ɛisa deg unezṛuf), d tallit taneggarut n 7 n wussan, Tsome Himamat, i d Ddurt Iqedsen alamma d Fasika.

Acimi aya yesɛa azal ma tettissineḍ yiwen seg Ityubya

Ma tettaruḍ neɣ tettemlileḍ d yiwen seg Ityubya — ula s usnas am Amarbis — uẓum yezmer ad yeḥkem deg tɣawsiwin timagnutin: anwa amensi i yelhan i temlilt n Larebɛa, ma asiwel s tvidyut ad yili send neɣ seld 3 n tmeddit deg Uẓum Ameqqran, neɣ acimi tamlilt n twacult deg Ɣuct tezzi i Filseta. Ulac deg waya ayen yessutren ad tḥesbeḍ liman n yiwen. D asatal kan i yesɛan lfayda, s tidet, n tmurt anda qrib 44% n yimezdaɣ d Irtudaksiyen n Ityubya, anda awitay n uẓum d aḥric yettbanen deg tudert n yal ass d yidles n učči, ama yal yiwen yeṭṭafar-it s leǧhed neɣ ala.